|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Vol. 31, No. 2,
193-219 (2006)
DOI: 10.1177/0309089206073099
Re-reading the Power of Satire: Isaiahs Daughters of Zion, Popes Belinda, and the Rhetoric of Rape
Johnny Miles
Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298100, Fort Worth, TX 76129, USA
This essays semiotic and feminist approach proposes a re-reading of the daughters of Zion poem (Isa. 3.16-4.1) as a rape text. Analysis of such a text (including intertextuality with Alexander Popes The Rape of the Lock) with deleterious effects for a rape culture reveals the interplay of satire with its poetics of rape, the misogynist biases actuating the sexual violence of its rape rhetoric, and the necessity to re-inscribe valuation of the feminine in such a text of terror vis-à-vis a rape culture. This poetic satire possesses no ideological neutrality as its androcentric nature (en)genders the (male) poet and Yhwh to (circum)(in)scribe the ultimate fate of these women as rape victims after having mocked them with sexist stereotypes. Nonresistance to this textual marginalization of Woman as other tacitly succumbs to this texts power to interpellate female readers as immasculated victims and male readers as salacious voyeurs, thus coopting readers in the perpetual ethos of violence against the feminine. The resistant act of re-reading such a textual act of violence, however, empowers by unveiling it as an abuse of power and liberates by voicing advocacy for the suffering silent demeaned, devalued, and dehumanized.
Key Words: semiotics emasculation rape culture economy of gender objectification rereading
References
- Ackerman, S. 1998 Isaiah, in C. Newsom and S. Ringe (eds.), Womens Bible Commentary ( Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press ): 169-177.
- Adams, C. 1993 "I Just Raped My Wife! What Are You Going to Do About It, Pastor?": The Church and Sexual Violence, in Buchwald, Fletcher, and Roth (eds.) 1993: 57-86.
- Adorno, T. 1973 Negative Dialectics (trans. E.B. Ashton; New York: Continuum ).
- Bach, A. 1999 Re-reading the Body Politic: Women and Violence in Judges 21, in A. Bach (ed.), Women in the Hebrew Bible: A Reader ( New York: Routledge ): 389-401.
- Barthes, R. 1972 Mythologies (trans. Annette Lavers; New York: The Noonday Press ).
- Brownmiller, S. 1975 Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape ( New York: Simon & Schuster) .
- Buchwald, E., P. Fletcher, and M. Roth (eds.) 1993 Transforming a Rape Culture ( Minneapolis: Milkweed Editions) .
- Carroll, R. P. 1990 Is Humour Also Among the Prophets?, in A. Brenner and Y. Radday (eds.), On Humour and the Comic in the Hebrew Bible (JSOTSup, 92; Sheffield: Almond Press ): 169-189.
- Clements, R. E. 1980 Isaiah 1-39 ( NCB; Grand Rapids: Eerdmans) .
- Cornell, D. 1992 The Philosophy of the Limit ( New York: Routledge) .
- Culler, J. 1982 On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism ( New York: Cornell University Press) .
- Darr, K. 1994 Isaiahs Vision and the Family of God (Literary Currents in Biblical Interpretation; Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press) .
- Davis, H. (ed.) 1978 Pope: Complete Poetical Works ( New York: Oxford University Press) .
- Delany, S. 1976 Sex and Politics in Popes Rape of the Lock, in N. Rudich (ed.), Weapons of Criticism: Marxism in America and the Literary Tradition ( Palo Alto, CA: Ramparts Press ): 173-190.
- Derrida, J. 1986 Glas (trans. J. Leavey, Jr., and R. Rand; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press) .
- Eco, U. 1979 The Role of the Reader: Explorations in the Semiotics of Texts (Advances in Semiotics; Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press) .
- Eco, U. 1989 The Open Work (trans. A. Cancogni; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press) .
- Eco, U. 1990 The Limits of Interpretation (Advances in Semiotics; Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press) .
- Elliott, R. 1966 The Power of Satire: Magic, Ritual, Art ( Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press) .
- Ellis, L. 1989 Theories of Rape: Inquiries into the Causes of Sexual Aggression ( New York: Hemisphere Publishing) .
- Exum, J. 1993 Fragmented Women: Feminist (Sub)versions of Biblical Narratives (Valley Forge, PA: Trinity Press International; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press) .
- Exum, J. 1996 Plotted, Shot, and Painted: Cultural Representations of Biblical Women (GCT, 3; JSOTSup, 215; Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press) .
- Fetterley, J. 1978 The Resisting Reader: A Feminist Approach to American Fiction ( Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press) .
- Flynn, E., and P. Schweickart (eds.) 1986 Gender and Reading: Essays on Readers, Texts, and Contexts ( Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press) .
- Foucault, M. 1994 The Order of Things: An Archaeology of the Human Sciences ( New York: Vintage Books) .
- Frye, N. 1971 Anatomy of Criticism: Four Essays ( Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press) .
- Gross, D. 1988 "The Conquring Force of Unresisted Steel": Pope and Power in The Rape of the Lock , New Orleans Review 15: 23-30 .
- Herman, D. 1984 The Rape Culture, in J. Freeman (ed.), Women: A Feminist Perspective ( Palo Alto, CA: Mayfield Publishing , 3rd edn): 20-38.
- Horton, A., and J. Williamson 1989 Abuse and Religion: When Praying Isnt Enough ( Lexington, MA: Lexington Books) .
- Jabès, E. 1993 The Book of Margins (trans. R. Waldrop; Chicago: University of Chicago Press) .
- Jemielity, T. 1992 Satire and the Hebrew Prophets (Literary Currents in Biblical Interpretation; Louisville, KY: Westminster/John Knox Press) .
- Kaiser, O. 1972 Isaiah 1-12 (trans. R. Wilson; OTL; Philadelphia: Westminster Press) .
- Linafelt, T. 1997 Margins of Lamentation, Or, The Unbearable Whiteness of Reading, in T. Beal and D. Gunn (eds.), Reading Bibles, Writing Bodies: Identity and the Book ( New York: Routledge ): 219-231.
- McFague, S. 1982 Metaphorical Theology: Models of God in Religious Language ( Philadelphia: Fortress Press) .
- Meyers, C. 1992 Temple, Jerusalem , in ABD: IV, 350-369 .
- Meyers, K. 1988 Feminist Hermeneutics and Reader Response: The Role of Gender in Reading The Rape of the Lock , New Orleans Review 15: 43-50 .
- Miller, N. 1975 The Exquisite Cadavers: Women in Eighteenth-Century Fiction , Diacritics 5: 37-43 .
- Miscall, P. 1991 Isaiah: The Labyrinth of Images , Semeia 54: 103-121 .
- Morris, D. 1984 The Muse of Pain: An Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot and Satiric Reprisal, in Alexander Pope: The Genius of Sense ( Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press ): 214-240.
- Nussbaum, F. 1984 The Brink of All We Hate: English Satires on Women 1660-1750 ( Lexington: University Press of Kentucky) .
- Payne, D. 1991 Pope and the War Against Coquettes; Or, Feminism and The Rape of the Lock ReconsideredYet Again , The Eighteenth Century 32: 3-24 .
- Pollak, E. 1985 The Poetics of Sexual Myth: Gender and Ideology in the Verse of Swift and Pope ( Chicago: University of Chicago Press) .
- Rich, A. 1972 When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision , College English 34: 18-30 .[CrossRef]
- Riffaterre, M. 1978 Semiotics of Poetry ( Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press) .
- Ruether, R. 1983 Sexism and God-Talk: Toward a Feminist Theology ( Boston: Beacon Press) .
- Said, E. 1985 Beginnings: Intention and Method ( New York: Columbia University Press) .
- Sawyer, J. 1989 Daughter of Zion and Servant of the Lord in Isaiah: A Comparison , JSOT 44: 89-107 .
- Schibanoff, S. 1986 Taking the Gold Out of Egypt, in Flynn and Schweickart (eds.) 1986: 83-106.
- Schweickart, P. 1986 Reading Ourselves: Toward a Feminist Theory of Reading, in Flynn and Schweickart (eds.) 1986: 31-62.
- Scully, D. 1990 Understanding Sexual Violence: A Study of Convicted Rapists (Perspectives on Gender, 3; London: HarperCollinsAcademic) .
- Watts, J. 1985 Isaiah 1-33 (WBC, 24; Waco, TX: Word Books) .
- Weems, R. 1995 Battered Love: Marriage, Sex, and Violence in the Hebrew Prophets ( OBT; Minneapolis: Fortress Press) .
- Wildberger, H. 1991 Isaiah 1-12 (Continental Commentaries; Minneapolis: Augsburg Fortress) .
- Young, K. 1989 The Imperishable Virginity of Saint Maria Goretti , Gender & Society 3: 474-482 .[Abstract]

CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati What's this?
|